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Difino
| • | Philolaus (circa 480 BC – circa 405 BC) was a Greek mathematician and philosopher.
A classic philologist, August Boeckh (1785–1867) places his life between the 70th and 95th Olympiads (496 BC–396 BC). Philolaus was a contemporary of Socrates and Democritus, but senior to them, and was probably somewhat junior to Empedocles, and a contemporary of Zeno of Elea, Melissus and Thucydides, so that his birth may be placed at about 480 BC.
Philolaus was probably born in Croton (after a Greek historian Diogenes Laërtius) or in Tarentum or Heraclea. He lived around 475 BC and he was in Croton during the persecution of the Pythagoreans.
He was said to have been intimate with Democritus, and was probably one of his teachers. He was an immediate pupil and transcriber of Pythagoras andafter the death of his teacher great dissensions prevailed in the cities of lower Italy. According to some accounts, Philolaus, obliged to flee, took refuge first in Lucania and thenat Thebes, where he had as pupils Simmias and Cebes (Crito), who, being young men, were subsequently present at the death of Socrates in 399 BC. Before this Philolaus had returned to Italy, where he was the teacher of Archytas (428 BC–347 BC). Philolaus was perhaps also connected with the Pythagorean exiles at Phlius mentioned in Plato's Phaedo.
Philolaus spoke and wrote in a Greek Doric dialect and was the first to propound the doctrine of the motion of the Earth; some attribute this doctrine to Pythagoras, but there is no evidence in support of either Pythagoras or the younger Hicetas (circa 400 BC – circa 335 BC) of Syracuse. Philolaus supposed that the sphere of the fixed stars, the five planets, the Sun, Moon and Earth, all moved round the central fire, but as these made up only nine revolving bodies, he conceived in accordance with his number theory a tenth, which he called counter-earth. The central holy fire was not the Sun for him, but some mysterious thing between the Earth and counter-earth. He named it "estia", the hearth of the universe, the house of Zeus, a
Source: [wikipedia: philolaus]
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