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Difino
| • | Large format describes photographic films, view cameras (including pinhole cameras) and processes that use a film or digital sensor the size of 6 × 9 cm or larger. The most common formats are 4 × 5 and 8 × 10 inches. Uncommon formats include quarter-plate, 5 × 7 inches, and 11 × 14 inches. The Polaroid 20 × 24 inch Instant Camera is the largest format camera currently in common usage, and can be hired from Polaroid agents in various countries. Many well known photographers have used the 235-pound, wheeled-chassis Polaroid. Large Format Motion Picture cameras made by IMAX and Iwerks use perforated 120 film (aka 65/70 mm).
A number of actions need to be taken when using a large format camera, resulting in a more contemplative photographic style. For example, film loading using double-sided Film Holders requires a changing bag or darkroom (although users of the most common format, 4 × 5, may now use Ready-Load pre-packaged film, which is more convenient than loading film holders). A tripod is essential for most view camera work. The scene is composed and then a film holder is slotted into the camera back prior to exposure. A separate Polaroid back using instant film is used by some photographers, allowing previewing of the composition, correctness of exposure and depth of field before committing to film to be developed later. Failure to "polaroid" and exposure risks discovery later, at the time of film development, that there was an error in camera setup.
Some large-format cameras are designed for hand-held use. These cameras are fitted with an auxiliary view finder and focusing device. Most often they have been used in newspaper and sports reporting. The 4 × 5 inch sheet film format was very convenient since it allowed for direct contact printing on the printing plate. This was done well into 1940s and 50s, even with the advent of more convenient and compact medium format or 35-mm roll-film cameras which started to appear in the 1930s. The 35-mm and medium format SLR which appeared in the mid-1950s were soon adopted by press photographers.
Most large-format cameras have adjustable fronts and backs that allow the photographer to better control perspective and depth of field. Architectural and close-up photographers in pa
Source: [wikipedia: large format]
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