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Difino
| • | Forwarding is the relaying of packets from one network segmentto another by nodesin a computer network.
forwarding pattern, typical of many networking technologies including the overwhelming majority of Internet traffic]] forwarding pattern, typical of PIM]] forwarding pattern, typical of bridged Ethernet]]
The simplest forwarding model - unicasting - involves a packet beingrelayed from link to link along a chain leading from the packet'ssource to its destination. However, other forwarding strategiesare commonly used. Broadcasting requires a packet to beduplicated and copies sent on multiple links with the goalof delivering a copy to every device on the network.In practice, broadcast packets are not forwarded everywhereon a network, but only to devices within a broadcast domain,making broadcast a relative term.Less common than broadcasting, but perhaps of greaterutility and theoretical significance is multicasting,where a packet is selectively duplicated and copiesdelivered to each of a set of recipients.
Networking technologies tend to naturally support certainforwarding models. For example, fiber optics and coppercables run directly from one machine to another form naturalunicast media - data transmited at one end is receivedby only one machine at the other end. However, as illustratedin the diagrams, nodes can forward packets to createmulticast or broadcast distributions from naturallyunicast media. Likewise, traditional Ethernet(10BASE5 and 10BASE2, but not the more modern10BASE-T) are natural broadcastmedia - all the nodes are attached to a single, longcable and a packet transmited by one device is seen byevery other device attached to the cable. Ethernetnodes implement unicast by ignoring packets notdirectly addessed to them. A wireless networkis naturally multicast - only those devices withina reception radius of a transmiter can receiveits packets. Wireless nodes ignore packetsaddressed to other devices, but require forwardingto reach nodes outside their reception radius.
At nodes where multi
Source: [wikipedia: forwarding]
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